NMAH Photographic History Collection
Smithsonian Staff
#nmahphc
The Photographic History Collection (PHC) represents the history of the medium of photography. The PHC holds the work of over 2000 identified photographers and studios, about 200,000 photographs, about 15,000 cameras, pieces of apparatus, studio equipment and sensitized materials. The scope of the collection spans from daguerreotypes to digital and includes unidentified to well-known photographers, international and United States-centered objects, and familiar and experimental photographic formats.
The Photographic History Collection, now at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, was founded in 1896. The PHC was established by Thomas Smillie, the Smithsonian's first official photographer. Smillie established two photography collections ---the PHC and the Photo Lab which is now part of the Smithsonian Institution Archives, and he ran them simultaneously until his death in 1917.
The PHC uses the Smithsonian Learning Lab as a place to offer a view into the collection's rich and diverse holdings. What is presented here online is not the entire Photographic History Collection. This digital space is a work in progress. We started publishing to the Learning Lab in February 2020 and are adding and improving as quickly as we can.
How to use the Smithsonian Learning Lab to discover PHC collections.
- To see a list of photographer and maker names, go here [link to come].
- In the Learning Lab, the PHC's collections are organized into four groups: Photographer, Format/Process, Subject, and Cameras and Apparatus.
- The Learning Lab collection only contains objects that have images attached to digital records. There may be additional objects and record information found at collections.si.edu.
- The Learning Lab collection may only contain a sampling of images if the collection is substantial. Additional materials may be found at collections.si.edu.
- Email us if you are looking for something specific.
- Tip, use the tool that allows the user to see the collections alphabetically.
Collection Staff: Shannon Thomas Perich, Curator
Contact: nmahphotohistory@si.edu
General Keywords: history of photography, photographic history, photographer, photographers, portraits, landscapes, cameras, photographic equipment, studio equipment, fine art photography, experimental photography, digital photography, patent models, photographic studio, ephemera, documents, cinema history, early motion picture, photojournalism, amateur photography, photography exhibitions, commercial photography
Photographic keywords: daguerreotype, calotype, salted paper print, gelatin silver print, tintype, ferrotype, ambrotype, collodion on glass, glass plate negative, platinum print, platinum-palladium print, photographs on fabric, cyanotype, cased images, ivorytype, stereoview, waxed paper negative, hologram, lenticular, Kromograms, press print, photo jewelry, stanhope, micro photography
Additional research resources: In December 2019, research resources that had been held in the division were distributed to other Smithsonian units. The "Personality Files" that contained biographies, obituaries, exhibition announcements, and such were absorbed by the Smithsonian Library NPG/AA branch; the list of subjects can be found here [link to come]. The "Archives Reference Files" that contained information about companies, products, and occasionally processes, were absorbed into the trade literature collection at the National Museum of American History branch of the Smithsonian Library. The Science Service images and files, the divisions's exhibition history files, personal files, correspondence files, and more can be found at the Smithsonian Archives.
NMAH Photographic History Collection's collections
Subject: American Flags #nmahphc
<p><br>This is an assortment of photographs from the Photographic History Collection of photographs and photographic objects that include an American flag.<br></p>
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<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.<br></p>
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<p>Keywords (subject): American flag, U.S. flag, Old Glory, Star Spangled Banner, parade, protest, march, veteran, military, political rally, grave, activism, patriotism, Fourth of July parade, 4th of July, decoration, September 11, 2001, 9/11</p>
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<p>Keywords (photography): tintype, ambrotype, real photo postcard, documentary photography, photojournalism, gelatin silver print, color photography, press print, stereograph, stereoview</p>
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Subject: September 11, 2001 related photography #nmahphc
<p>The Photographic History Collection began collecting photography related to September 11, 2001, within a few months. Since then, PHC continues to collect for events related to September 11 and its various extended and related outcomes. This collection here is a sampling and does not show all collections.<br></p>
<p>There are a variety of formats by a variety of types of photographers that captured day of events, the days following, and reflections on the experiences. There are photographs, laptops and cameras used by professional photographs, the Naudet Brothers (filmmakers), Pete Souza (Chicago Tribune), Louie Paul (independent photojournalist), <strong> Michael Rieger (FEMA) (not shown), </strong>and Joel Meyerowitz (fine art photographer) (not shown).</p>
<p><a href="https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1341566">September 11, 2001 Photographic History Scope Note</a></p>
<p>Blog: <a href="https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2011/08/september-11-photographers-and-their-stories.html">Photographers and Their Stories</a> by Michelle Delaney.</p>
<p>For additional materials search, collections.si.edu</p>
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Subject: Disaster, Tragedy, and Crisis #nmahphc
<p>This is an assortment of photographs related to disasters and crisis from the Photographic History Collection.<br></p>
<p>Not included in this collection are war photography or September 11, 2001. See Learning Lab collection <em>September 11, 2001</em> for photographs from that historical event. The Learning Lab collection, <em>Firefighting</em> contains many more stereoview/stereograph images of the Great Boston Fire.</p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords: disaster, tragedy, crisis, refugee, flood, fire, famine, freeze, tornado, hurricane, tsunami, car crash, airplane crash, windstorm, dam break, ship wreck, earthquake, ice pack, typhoon, tsunami</p>
<p>Keywords (photography): press print, photojournalism, current events, real photo postcard</p>
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Subject: Portraits of Photographers #nmahphc
<p>This is a selection of photographs from the Photographic History Collection depicting self-portraits and portraits of named photographers. <br></p>
<p>Note: This collection will expand as images come online and as staff add to the Photographic History Collection.</p>
<p>See the Learning Lab Collection, <em>Charles Rushton</em> for his portraits of photographers in the American southwest in the 1980s. See Learning Lab collection <em>Photographers at Work</em> for ephemera and additional photographers; see also <em>People with Cameras</em> (not yet published).</p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Some of these photograph may be copyrighted.</p>
<p>Keywords: photographer, camera, portrait, self-portriat, daguerreotype, two-color Kodachrome, gum bichromate, platinum print, photogravure, gelatin silver print, studio portriature, environmental portraiture, fine art photography, photojournalist</p>
<p>Portraits of photographers included in this Learning Lab collections are:</p>
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<ul><li>Annie Appel</li><li>Eugene Atget</li><li>Richard Avedon</li><li>Thomas Barrow</li><li>J. Ross Baughman</li><li>Bobbe Besold</li><li>Anne Brigman</li><li>Mathew Brady</li><li>Cathy Maier Callahan</li><li>Manuel Carillo</li><li>Van Deren Coke</li><li>Will Connell</li><li>Imogen Cunningham</li><li>James Cutting</li><li>Jacques Louis Mande Daguerre</li><li>F. Holland Day</li><li>Robert Demarche</li><li>Baron De Meyer</li><li>David Douglas Duncan</li><li>George Eastman</li><li>Elliot Erwit</li><li>Henry Fitz, Jr</li><li>Miguel Gander</li><li>Betty Hahn</li><li>George Harris</li><li>Henry Horenstein</li><li>Walter J. Hussey</li><li>Gertrude Kasebier</li><li>Victor Keppler</li><li>Sally Mann</li><li>Bruce McKaig</li><li>Pirie MacDonald</li><li>Mr. Mooney</li><li>Samuel F.B. Morse</li><li>Eadweard Muybridge</li><li>Carl Mydans</li><li>Patrick Nagatani</li><li>Beaumont Newhall</li><li>Arnold Newman</li><li>Phillippe Halsman</li><li>Ken Regan</li><li>Henry Peach Robinson</li><li>Meridel Rubenstein</li><li>Kosti Ruohomaa</li><li>Erich Salomon</li><li>Thomas Smillie</li><li>Edward Steichen</li><li>Alfred Stieglitz</li><li>Paul Strand</li><li>William Henry Fox Talbot</li><li>Steve Yates</li><li>George Kendall Warren</li><li>Edward Weston</li><li>Clarence White</li><li>Joel-Peter Witkin</li><li>Roy Zalesky</li></ul>
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Photographer: Zalesky, Roy Joseph #nmahphc
<p>This is an assortment of photographs, ephemera and camera equipment from the Photographic History Collection created and used by photojournalist Roy Joseph Zalesky. Photographs date from the 1980s and 1990s and mostly depict Wilmington, North Carolina, and Charlotte, North Carolina.<br></p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords: photojournalism, photojournalist, reportage, gelatin silver prints, documentary photography, street photography, store front windows, downtown, city life, agricultural worker, farmer, shopping, cafe, dinner, eating</p>
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Subject: Backyards #nmahphc
<p><br>This is an assortment of photographs from the Photographic History Collection related to backyards.<br></p>
<p>The definition of <em>backyard</em> is broadly defined for this Learning Lab collection, because backyards have not always been clearly defined in the suburban sense of the word. The scope of images included here are photographs that could be side yards, perhaps fields behind a house, or other such spaces away from the front and most public side of a house.</p>
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<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
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<p>Keywords (subject): yard, backyard, side yard, barn yard, fence, railing, clothes line, leisure activity, sports and games, baseball, music, playing, snow, garden, casual, horsing around, goofing off, being silly, hugs, friends, family, patio, well, trough, animals, pets, military uniform, horseshoes, gate</p>
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<p>Keywords (photography): gelatin silver print, real photo postcard, fine art photography, documentary photography, snapshots, portraiture, glass plate negative, Janet Fries, Walter J. Hussey</p>
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Format and Process: Daguerreotypes #nmahphc
<p>This is a small sampling of photographs, cameras, and apparatus related to daguerreotypes found in the Photographic History Collection. There are also several short videos that demonstrate the making of daguerreotypes.<br></p>
<p>Many daguerreotypes are portraits, including two by the Meade Brothers of <strong>Louis</strong>-<strong>Jacques</strong>-<strong>Mandé</strong><strong></strong> Daguerre. The PHC holds images of the Smithsonian's own Spencer Baird, Senators Daniel Webster, Sam Houston, and Henry Clay, and photographers Frederick Langenheim and Samuel Fitz are among other noted individuals. Particular collections include the transfer of cased images from the Anthropological Archives of Native Americans, the Warren Fox Kaynor case collection, John William Draper image and apparatus collection, and daguerreotypes made by African American daguerreotypist Augustus Washington. Many well-known makers are also represented. Samuel F. B. Morse's camera, hand-crafted using the lens he brought back from Paris in 1839, was the first object cataloged for the collection. Two contemporary daguerreotypists include Jerry Spigoli's image of President Obama's Inauguration and Mike Robinson's daguerreotype of the Daguerre memorial.</p>
<p>For additional information search collections.si.edu or contact the division.</p>
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Cameras and Apparatus: Large Format Cameras #nmahphc
<p>#nmahphc</p>
<p>This is a small sampling of view cameras from the Photographic History Collection. </p>
<p>For additional cameras, search collections.si.edu</p>
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Subject: Botanical Studies #nmahphc
<p>This is an assortment of photographs from the Photographic History Collection related to plants. <br></p>
<p>See Learning Lab collections for <em>Karl Blossfeldt</em> and <em>Adolf Fassbender</em>. Also see the Learning Lab collection <em>Agriculture</em> for crops and farm-related plants. </p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords: art photography, ghost plants, botanical specimen</p>
<p>Keywords: photogravure, heliotype, gelatin silver print, stereograph, stereoview, real photo postcard</p>
<p><br>This collection has a few images that may not fall within a strict definition of <em>botanical studies</em> in order to hint at some broader uses in which flowers and plants might cross from study to another genre or photographic element. <em></em>This collection does not include still lifes with flowers, flowers used as decoration, or flower arranging. The <em>Rudolf Eickemeyer, Jr</em> collection contains many images in which flowers are worn by or incorporated in to photographs of women.<em></em><br><br></p>
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Subject: LGBTQ #nmahphc
<p>This is a selection of photographs from the Photographic History Collection related to LGBTQ interests.<br></p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords: lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, activism, march, gay rights, advocate, NOW, marriage equality, family, love, dress, identity, performance, legal rights, performance, entertainment, photojournalism, documentary photography, AIDS/HIV, memorial, vigil</p>
<p>Artists and authors who identify(ied) as bisexual, gay, or lesbian included in this Learning Lab collection:</p>
<ul><li>Rosa Bonheur</li><li>F. Holland Day</li><li>Frida Kahlo</li></ul>
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Subject: Self Portraits and Selfies #nmahphc
<p>This is a sampling of photographic self-portraits. <br></p>
<p>Professional and amateur photographers have been turning the camera on themselves since photography started. There are a number of strategies and tools that professional and amateur photographers have used, including mirrors, cable releases, timing devices, and simply turning the camera around at arm's length. Cell phones now allow almost effortless self-portraits, known as "selfies." <br></p>
<p>Keywords: self-portrait, self portrait, selfie, bulb release, string release, timed portrait, cable release, reflection in mirror</p>
<p>For additional images, search at collections.si.edu.</p>
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Title: Comedy and Humor #nmahphc
<p>This is a selection of photographs from the Photographic History Collection related to comedy (attempted, performed) and humor (happens, experienced). This Learning Lab consists mostly of four themes:<br></p>
<ol><li>Professionals who make others laugh (comedians, stand-up comics, actors, writers, vaudevillians),</li><li>People laughing or sharing a joke,</li><li>Photographs in which the title or subject of those depicted is related to humor, being funny or silly,</li><li>Clowns.</li></ol>
<p>For additional objects, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords: humor, comedy, funny, comedienne, comedian, funny people, stand-up comedy, performance, stage, show, clothes, clown, clowning around, make-up, costume, skit, <em>The Laughing Husband</em>, <em>Funny Business</em>, vaudeville, colorful personality</p>
<p>Keywords (people): Imogene Coca, Phyllis Diller, Sid Cesear, Bob Hope, Ed Wynn, Bert Lahr, Charlie Chaplin, Robert Klein, Bing Crosby, Henny Youngman, Johnny Carson, Jack Benny, George McGovern, Thomas Eagleton, Sargent Shriver, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, President and Mrs. William Clinton, Palidor the Clown</p>
<p>Keywords (photography): press print, film still, portrait, gelatin silver print, toned print, real photo postcard, mounted photograph, snapshot</p>
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Subject: Buses and Bus stops #nmahphc
<p>This is a selection of photographs from the Photographic History Collection that relates to bus and bus stops.<br></p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords (subject): bus, bus stop, interior, exterior, destination indicator, transportation, buses designed to live in, hippie buses, public transportation, segregation, waiting for a bus, rider, Greyhound, city bus, Ken Kesey, Further, country music, music industry, bands, music park, Atlanta, San Francisco, American Southwest, New Mexico, commuter, tourists</p>
<p>Keywords (photography): Mark James Powers, Lisa Law, Roy Zalesky, Henry Horenstein, color photography, gelatin silver print, photojournalism, fine art photography, documentary photography, reportage</p>
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Subject: Activism #nmahphc
<p>This is a selection of photographs from the Photographic History Collection related to activism, protests, marches, and reform movements. <br></p>
<p>See the Learning Lab collection, <em>Annie Appel</em><em>, </em>for additional photographs of the Occupy Protests and <em>Disasters</em> for refugees. For additional collections, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords (subject): protest, march, anti-, pro-, activism, citizenship, reform, demonstration, marchers, political movement, political discontent, anti-war, Vietnam War, Occupy Protest, Occupy Movement, women's vote, suffrage, boycott, impeachment, segregation, Rhodesia, genocide, riot, racism, gay rights, marriage equality, anti-fascism, prohibition, abortion</p>
<p>Keyword (photography): gelatin silver print, press print, photojournalism, documentary photography, fine art photography, mutoscope poster, stereoview, stereograph</p>
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Subject: Dance #nmahphc
<p>This is a selection of photographs from the Photographic History Collection related to dance, dancers, and dancing.<br></p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords (subject): dance, dancer, dancing, entertainment, folk dance, ballet, carnival, psychedelic, acid trip, burlesque, Dresden Dancing Dolls, strip tease, exotic dancer, Playboy Bunny, belly dance, ribbon dance, class, barre, ballroom, dance floor, Native American ceremonial dance, costume, tutu, slippers, human form, musculature, posture, pose, position, partner, gown, tights, dress, make-up, performance, stage, Kennedy Center Award, theatre, stage show, film set, Can-Can, Golden Gate Park, hippies, summer of love</p>
<p>Keywords (people): Arthur Mitchell, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Martha Graham, Eleanor Powell, Gloria Govrin, Ben Marcus, Little Joe Gomez, Lisa Law, Allen Ginsberg, Elliot Erwitt, Tamara Toumanova, Lisa Law, Liza Minnelli, Ann Ford, Courtney Kennedy, Peter Basch, Blanche Oterson, M. Fokine, Ginger Rogers, Jane Powell, Roy Zalensky, Eadweard Muybridge, Diana Walker, Gene Kelly, Nikita Kruschev, Carl Mydans, Laura and Paul Foster, Quill, The Doll Family, Evelyn Nesbit, Rudolph Nureyev, Will Connell, Jackie Joyner-Kersee, Lisa Benitz, Lorraine Shelley, Alexandra Danilova, Jacques d'Ambroise, Michael Jackson</p>
<p>Keywords (photography): gelatin silver print, press print, fine art photography, documentary photography, platinum print, color carbro, cyanotype, cigarette card album, zoopraxiscope, snapshot, color photography, glass plate negative, portraiture, action shot, dance photography</p>
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Subject: Weddings #nmahphc
<p>This is a selection of photographs from the Photographic History Collection related to weddings.<br></p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords (subject): Wedding, marriage ceremony, church, gay rights, bride, groom, love, wedding dress, tuxedo, marriage clothes, wedding clothes, bouquet, flowers, tradition, anniversary, nontraditional wedding, wedding album, Tom Thumb and Lavania Warren, Leon and Sondra Einhorn, Victor Keppler, Lisa Law, Courtney Kennedy, Michael Kennedy, Ken Regan, Paul and Laura Foster, Mr. & Mrs. Patrick O'Brien, David Eisenhower and Juile Nixon</p>
<p>Keywords (photography): wedding album, portraiture, traditional photography, advertising, color photography, color carbro, gelatin silver print, press print, documentary photography, mutoscope poster, stereoview, genre scene, pictorialism, carte-de-visite, </p>
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Subject: Art #nmahphc
<p>This is a selection of photographs from the Photographic History Collection that depict art related activities, art galleries, displays, artists at work, and photographs of paintings and sculptures. This Learning Lab collection is divided into four categories: </p>
<ul><li>artists at work</li><li>portraits of artists</li><li>art on display</li><li>photographs of art objects</li></ul>
<p>There are separate Learning Lab collections for <em><strong>Portraits of Photographers</strong></em> and <em><strong>Photographers at Work</strong></em>.</p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords<em>:</em></p>
<p>See also the Learning Lab collection <em><strong>Museums</strong></em> for photographs of exhibitions and installations in museums, museum buildings, museum education, and other museum activities. For Smithsonian related activities, search collections.si.edu and sia.si.edu.</p>
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Formats and Processes: Cartes-de-visite #nmahphc
<p>This is a selection of cartes-de-visite from the Photographic History Collection.<br></p>
<p>The sitters and photographers in this Learning Lab collection are well-known, lesser known, and unidentified. There are a number of photographs that are not portraits, including a stereoview of a cartes-de-visite studio.</p>
<p>Learning Lab collections, <em><a href="https://learninglab.si.edu/collections/subject-civil-war-photography-seville-cdv-collection/fy75hmuinhqt0nxp#r">Seville CDV Collection</a></em> and <em></em><a href="https://learninglab.si.edu/collections/subject-photo-albums/4YvV1yYuXTzcR0mJ#"><em>Photo Albums</em></a> contain additional cartes-de-visite.</p>
<p>For additional collections, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords: CDV, carte de visite, cartes de visite, portraiture, studio portrait, collectible photography, celebrity photography</p>
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Subject: Civil War Photography: Seville CDV Collection #nmahphc
<p>This collection of cartes-de-visite portraits of Union soldiers is the Seville collection in the National Museum of American History’s Photographic History Collection. The collection was donated in 1931 by Smithsonian employee Marian Wells Seville, a Smithsonian library cataloger and assistant. Seville's father, Captain William P. Seville, served with the 1st Delaware Volunteers during the Civil War. Throughout the war, he obtained these photographs of the men with whom he served. Seville authored, <em><a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sIgvAAAAYAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&dq=%22First%20Regiment%2C%20Delaware%20Volunteers%3A%20From%20the%20Commencement%22&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q=%22First%20Regiment,%20Delaware%20Volunteers:%20From%20the%20Commencement%22&f=false">The History of the First Regiment, Delaware Volunteers: From the Commencement of the “Three Month’s Service” to the Final Muster Out at the Close of the Rebellion,</a></em> in 1884. <br></p>
<p>The biographies of nearly all the subjects in this collection are attached to the record. Follow the links to "more info" after clicking on each image.</p>
<p>For more images, search collections.si.edu</p>
<p>Keywords: Civil War soldier, men in uniform, carte-de-visite, studio portraiture, mustache, military weapons, surgeon, surgeon-general., general, quartermaster, captain, heroics, Smithsonian history, women collectors, women donors, women librarians, use of photography</p>
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Subject: Porches #nmahphc
<p>This is a selection of photographs from the Photographic History Collection related to portraits on porches.<br></p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords (subject): porch, railing, portico, awning, steps, front steps, stoop, house, home, group portrait, family portrait, door, doorway, door frame, deck, patio, front yard, lawn, lawn chair, lawn furniture, pets, dogs, wooden, roof, fence, front of house, windows, balcony, vernacular architecture, sidewalk</p>
<p>Keywords (photography): real photo postcard, fine art photography, documentary photography, portraiture, albumen, gelatin silver, platinum, advertising, photojournalism, Ansel Adams, Rudolf Eickemeyer, Jr, Elliot Erwitt, Chuck Mintz, Burk Uzzle, Roy Zalesky, </p>
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Subject: Photographers at Work #nmahphc
<p>This is an assortment of photographs depicting photographers at work, studios and businesses, advertising for photography business and services, business cards and press passes, and equipment on location.</p>
<p>See also <em>People with Cameras</em> and <em>Portraits of Photographers</em>.</p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords (subject): photographs and cameras, photographers on site, photography studio, photography gallery, photographic gallery, photographic studio, photography business, working photographer, advertisement, daguerreotypist, ambrotypist, tintypist, ferrotype gallery, tintype gallery, floating gallery, certificate, awards, patch, insignia</p>
<p>Keyword (photography): gelatin silver print, stereoview, stereograph, real photo postcard, ephemera, press print, cabinet card, carte-de-visite, combination print, combination photography, broadside</p>
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Subject: Real Photo Postcards, Souvenir #nmahphc
<p>This is an assortment of real photo postcards from the Photographic History Collection that are related to studio-based souvenir postcards dating from the early 1900s to the 1930s.
There is a small number of real photo postcards related to amusement parks.<br></p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords: caboose, train, rail car, automobile, donkey, horse, studio photography, posed, humor, comical, funny, silly, acting, painted backdrop, studio furniture, studio prop, swimsuit, bathing costume, jitney, basket transportation, family, couple, parents and children, friends, vacation, travel, holiday, paper moon, dirigible, blimp, ship, boat, caricature, orchard, fish, Luna Park, Atlantic City, Coney Island, Niagara Falls</p>
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Subject: Schools and classrooms #nmahphc
<p>This is a sampling of images related to classes, students, and schools.<br></p>
<p>For additional images, search collections.si.edu.</p>
<p>Keywords: School, classroom, student, teacher, teaching, school house, schoolhouse, class, yearbook, graduation, graduate, group photograph, class picture</p>
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