<p>This resource is designed to accompany the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History's and the Smithsonian's Latino Center's video <em>Latinas Talk Latinas, Pachucas: How Fashion Asserts Identity.</em> After watching the video, which is located in the second tile of this collection, please return to this page to learn more about the assets we have in our digital collection as well as additional resources that will help you further explore the topics and themes presented in the video.</p> <p>In this story of Pachucas we celebrate their role in the making of Pachuco culture and for the ways in which their fashion stood in defiance of Mexican gender norms, second-class citizenship, and white middle-class ideas of American womanhood.</p>

<p>This resource is designed to accompany the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History's and the Smithsonian's Latino Center's video <em>Latinas Talk Latinas, Jessica Govea: From Girlhood to Inspiring a Movement</em>. After watching the video, which is located in the second tile of this collection, please return to this page to learn more about the assets we have in our digital collection as well as additional resources that will help you further explore the topics and themes presented in the video.<em></em><br></p> <p>Jessica Govea was a labor leader and organizer who started at a very young age. She began working alongside César Chávez in the Community Service Organization and was later instrumental in the founding of the United Farm Workers union, extending her organizing power to Canada.</p>

<p style="text-align: center;">"The vote is the most powerful nonviolent change agent you have in a democratic society. You must use it because it is not guaranteed. You can lose it."</p> <p style="text-align: center;">- Rep. John Lewis, 2020</p> <p>The right to vote in the United States has a complicated history. Up until 1870, only white property-owning men could vote. U.S. democracy looked different during its first 100 years. It was based on racial, gender, and economic privilege. It also was reinforced by the institution of race-based chattel slavery. Since the end of the Civil War and the abolition of slavery, African Americans continued to fight for full rights of citizenship. This includes the right to vote. The 15th Amendment declares that states could not deny the right to vote “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” It was ratified in 1870. However, many state governments passed laws to keep African Americans from voting. They included tactics like poll taxes and literacy tests. This was to get around the 15th Amendment’s ban on race-based voting laws. Other tactics included fraud and intimidation.</p> <p>These same tactics disenfranchised Latino communities in different parts of the country. Pioneering organizations like the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), founded in 1929, fought for Mexican American civil rights, including enfranchisement. Puerto Ricans living on the mainland have fought for representation since before 1900. The first court case on Puerto Rican voting took place in New York in 1899. Organizations like the Legion of Voters and National Association for Puerto Rican Civil Rights advocated against voter discrimination in the 1960s.</p> <p>African Americans, Latinas/os/xs, Native Americans, Asian Americans, and others have protested to raise awareness about voter suppression. A protest is a way for people to share their beliefs about a person, place, thing, or idea. People can share those beliefs through a statement or action. Public marches and rallies are examples of protests. Writing letters, singing songs, refusing to eat, or using violence are other types of protest. Through protest and advocacy, women and communities of color have been able to secure voting rights. This opens the door to elect officials that represent the communities they serve. </p> <p>Together, we will explore the Voting Rights Act and some of its later amendments. We will also look at the Supreme Court Case Shelby County Alabama v. Holder. We will examine how this legislation and court decisions directly impact communities of color and their right to the ballot. We will briefly look at how our vote helps elect officials at various levels, including the presidency.</p> <p>This Learning Lab features art, videos, photographs, and protest signs. It also has thinking routines from the Harvard Graduate School of Education's Project Zero. They will help create conversations around the pictures or protest banners found in this collection. Worksheets from the Smithsonian Latino Center's <em>Cultural Expressions: Art for Social Change</em> can be found at the end of this collection. They are available for elementary, middle school, and high school students. Caregivers or teachers can use the questions found within the activities to create responsive social change protest signs and art. </p>

<p><em>Nuestra América</em> is a fully illustrated anthology from the Smithsonian Latino Center. It features the inspiring stories of thirty Latina/o/xs. It celebrates their contributions to the United States. Many are towards the nation’s cultural, social, and political character. </p> <p>Many of the stories in this book will be included in the Molina Family Latino Gallery. It is the first national gallery dedicated to Latina/o/xs at the Smithsonian. The Latino Center leads this gallery project. </p> <p>The stories in this Learning Lab are in the Smithsonian collections. They are grouped into themes for easier viewing. </p> <p>What is in a collection? It has objects that were used or worn by someone. Examples of objects include articles, photographs, artifacts, and videos. Objects can be anything from a baseball to a piece of clothing. It could even be a space shuttle! Objects help museums tell more complete stories. Museums also take care of objects. That way, future visitors can see them, too.</p> <p>Each theme includes thinking routines. They are from the Harvard Graduate School of Education's Project Zero. These questions can help create discussion around the stories and objects here. This Learning Lab can serve middle school and high school students. Especially if they are interested in Latino culture. It can help with a Spanish project exploring family traditions. </p> <p>For more information on the book, please visit:<a href="https://www.runningpress.com/titles/sabrina-vourvoulias/nuestra-am%c3%a9rica/9780762471751/"><br></a><a href="https://latino.si.edu/nuestra-america">https://latino.si.edu/nuestra-america</a><br></p> <p>An Spanish version of the book is also available. Please visit:<a href="https://www.runningpress.com/titles/sabrina-vourvoulias/nuestra-am%C2%BFrica/9780762497485/"><br></a><a href="https://latino.si.edu/es/nuestra-america">https://latino.si.edu/es/nuestra-america</a><u><br></u></p> <p><u>The themes and stories featured in this Learning Lab include:</u></p> <ul><li> Civil Rights and Activism <ul><li>César Chávez</li><li>Dolores Huerta</li><li>Sylvia Rivera</li></ul></li><li>Entrepreneurs<ul><li>C. David Molina</li><li>The Unanue Family and Goya Foods</li></ul></li><li>Fashion and Popular Culture<ul><li>Celia Cruz</li><li>Óscar de la Renta</li><li>Lin-Manuel Miranda</li><li>Rita Moreno</li></ul></li><li>Literacy and Literature<ul><li>Pura Belpré</li><li>Julia de Burgos</li><li>Sandra Cisneros</li><li>Juan Felipe Herrera</li></ul></li><li> Public Service<ul><li>Jaime Escalante</li><li>Sylvia Mendez</li><li>Ellen Ochoa</li><li>Sonia Sotomayor</li></ul></li><li>Sports<ul><li>Roberto Clemente</li><li>Dara Torres</li></ul></li></ul>

<p>A protest is a way for people to share their beliefs about a person, place, thing, or idea. People can share those beliefs through a statement or action. Public marches and rallies are examples of protests. Writing letters, singing songs, not eating, or using violence are other types of protest. </p> <p></p> <p>The United States guarantees people the right to protest peacefully. It does so through the Constitution and the first amendment. Sometimes, stress between protesters and police can turn violent. There have been times when police have been violent toward communities of color. This form of abuse is known as police brutality. </p> <p>Together, we will look at points of collaboration and solidarity between African Americans and Latinos. We will examine tensions between these groups and how they came to work together. We will also look at the conflicts between them and the police. The events featured are:</p> <ol><li>The National Chicano Moratorium, 1970</li><li>Mt. Pleasant Riots of Washington, DC., 1991</li><li>#BlackLivesMatter, 2013 to today</li></ol> <p></p> <p>This Learning Lab features art, videos, photographs, and protest signs. It also has thinking routines from the Harvard Graduate School of Education's Project Zero. They will help create conversations around the pictures or protest banners found in this collection. Worksheets from the Smithsonian Latino Center's <em>Cultural Expressions: Art for Social Change</em> can be found at the end of this collection. They are available for elementary, middle school, and high school students. Caregivers or teachers can use the questions found within the activities to create responsive social change protest signs and art. </p> <p></p>

<p>This bilingual resource serves middle and high school teachers and students as well as lifelong learners. </p><p><i>Our Journeys/Our Stories: Portraits of Latino Achievement</i> explores the diversity of the Latino experience in its portrayal of a group of extraordinary men and women and the stories they tell. Like the exhibition, this companion book combines personal narratives, portraits, and <i>dichos</i>, or traditional sayings, to provide an inspirational, illustrated anthology of Latino accomplishments across generations.</p> <p>People of all ages and backgrounds will be engaged by these inspirational stories and portraits of Latinos who have made significant contributions to American life. By telling the stories of leaders in the Latino community who display outstanding character traits, such as dedication, discipline, perseverance, integrity, passion, responsibility, courage, and commitment, this anthology provides multiple views of achievement that will motivate many other Americans to realize their own dreams.</p><p>Este recurso bilingüe sirve a estudiantes de secundaria y preparatoria (high school) y a aprendices de todas edades.</p><p><i>Nuestros Caminos/Nuestras Historias: Retratos del Logro Latino </i>explora la diversidad de la vivencia latina al presentar de un grupo de hombres y mujeres extraordinarios y las historias que ellos nos cuentan. Así como la exhibición, esta publicación complementaria combina anécdotas personales, retratos y relatos orales tradicionales para ofrecer una antología ilustrada de inspiración sobre los logros de los latinos a través de distintas generaciones.</p> <p>Personas de todas las edades y orígenes se sentirán atraídas por estas historias y retratos de latinos que contribuyeron de manera significativa a la vida estadounidense. Al contar la historia de los líderes de la comunidad latina que demuestran características sobresalientes como dedicación, disciplina, perseverancia, integridad, pasión, responsabilidad, valor y compromiso, esta antología ofrece múltiples facetas del logro que motivará a muchos otros estadounidenses a materializar sus propios sueños. </p>

<p>This collection can serve students grades 2-5 as well middle school and high school students interested in Latino culture or as part of a Spanish project exploring family traditions. Activities include family or classroom activity on collage making with family photos and writing your own museum object label. Videos include a special performance from Grupo Bella and interviews with artists, chefs, curators, and educators that formed part of the<em> Making History, Sharing Culture Featuring Disney-Pixar's "Coco" </em>Event. An on-stage conversation featuring Illustrator Ana Ramirez and Character Modeling Artist Alonso Martinez of Disney-Pixar's "Coco" is also featured.<br></p> <p><em><br></em></p><p><em>Making History, Sharing Culture featuring Disney-Pixar's "Coco</em><em>" </em>was presented as the Smithsonian's feature Hispanic Heritage event by the Smithsonian Latino Center and the National Museum of American History in October 2018. A portion of the travel of the Smithsonian Latino Center and this program was generously provided by Southwest Airlines. Additional support was provided by The Walt Disney Company.</p>

<p>These bilingual (English/Spanish) resources feature activities related to Argentine culture through the lens of contemporary art for families, middle school, and high school students. </p> <p>This digital collection is from an exhibition with the same name, organized by the Smithsonian Latino Center with Argentina’s Secretariat of Culture. <em>Southern Identity</em> presented an overview of the major movements and trends in Argentina’s national art scene since 1948 and is organized in four sections featuring political art, landscapes, national identities and abstraction. It was the largest survey of Argentine contemporary art ever organized in the United States and included paintings, drawings, sculptures, video art, photography and prints representing the work of artists working in Buenos Aires and throughout Argentina’s provinces. </p> <p><em>Southern Identity</em> was part of the public program and exhibition series<em> Argentina at the Smithsonian 2010 </em>that commemorated Argentina’s bicentennial.</p>

<p>This bilingual collection features activities, publications, and videos for middle and high school students as well as scholars and life-long learners on Central American archaeology and history through ceramics from 1000 BC to the present.</p> <p>For thousands of years, Central America has been home to vibrant civilizations, each with unique, sophisticated ways of life, value systems, and arts. The ceramics these peoples left behind, combined with recent archaeological discoveries, help tell the stories of these dynamic cultures and their achievements. <em>Cerámica de los Ancestros</em> examines seven regions representing distinct Central American cultural areas that are today part of Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. Spanning the period from 1000 BC to the present, the ceramics featured, selected from the National Museum of the American Indian's collection of more than 12,000 pieces from the region, are augmented with significant examples of work in gold, jade, shell, and stone. These objects illustrate the richness, complexity, and dynamic qualities of the Central American civilizations that were connected to peoples in South America, Mesoamerica, and the Caribbean through social and trade networks sharing knowledge, technology, artworks, and systems of status and political organization. </p> <p>This collection features the past exhibition, <em>Cerámica de los Ancestros: Central America's Past Revealed</em>, a collaboration of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian and the Smithsonian Latino Center.<br /></p>

<p>This collection features bilingual Create-It! STEM activities from <em>¡Descubra!, </em>the Smithsonian Latino Center's national public education program for kids, teens, and families. These activities can be recreated with materials found at a local grocery or hardware store at home or in the classroom. These bilingual resources can serve teachers in grades 2-5, 6-8, and high school science. </p><p></p> <p>The activities help participants place themselves in the role of scientist as they work on a STEAM-H project. Through active learning and problem solving, students are fully engaged and better able to understand the concepts being presented. This collection also includes interviews with science experts as well as note cards featuring profiles of U.S. Latina/os that have made notable contributes to STEM fields.</p><p></p> <p><em>¡Descubra! </em>Meet the Science Expert promotes STEM education for youth, with a specific focus on Latino youth, by showcasing Latino role models in STEM fields and discussing career paths and different interests in these areas. </p> <p></p>

<p>The cultural online programs and resources developed by The Smithsonian Latino Center (SLC) featuring Dia de los Muertos represent groundbreaking efforts by the Smithsonian to promote a deeper appreciation for Latino heritage and our connections to the ancestral past. In addition to its online festival, complete with bilingual interactive online resources based on Smithsonian scholarly research, is a vehicle for the exploration of this traditional practice which has become a phenomenon of popular American culture today. The online programming is in part a collaboration with Michigan State University (MSU) and other key community partners across the country.<br /><br />Generous support for the Smithsonian Latino Center's bilingual digital educational resources provided by the following Education Sponsors: Target and The Walt Disney Company.</p>